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Knowledge / Entsoe-e / FCR / Grid Balancing / Grid Stability / Knowledge

Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR)

What is Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR)?Definition

To ensure the required grid frequency of 50 or 60 Hz (depending on the concerning country) the Transmission System Operators (TSO) of each country need instruments to maintain this reference value. These instruments are the balancing services. Balancing services are reactive short-term means to level out frequency deviations in the power grid. When frequency deviations occur, e.g. in consequence of a power plant outage, the Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) intervenes automatically within seconds in the entire synchronous area to restore the balance between supply and demand. The FCR, also known as primary control reserve, is the first response to frequency disturbances. If the deviation persists, the Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserves (aFRR) subsequently replace the primary control reserve.

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Knowledge / Entsoe-e / European grid / Knowledge / Power Grid

Cross-Border Interconnectors

What are Cross-Border Interconnectors?Definition

To turn national electricity grids into a large European electricity market, the various national transmission system operators (TSOs) need transit capacity for cross-border electricity trade. These border connection points, also called cross-border interconnectors, enable TSOs at international level to transfer electricity from one national grid to another. Only cross-border interconnectors can turn on-balance-sheet electricity trading into real, physical electricity deliveries. Their expansion is therefore a central starting point of the European Commission's electricity market policy and the implementation of the integrated European energy market.

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Birds are balancing on the electricity grid.
Energy Blog / Decentralization / Energy Market / Entsoe-e / Power Grid / Renewable Energy

Who is disrupting the utility frequency?

On 10 January 2019, the utility frequency of Europe’s power grid dropped to 49.8 hertz. Many factors contributed to the near-blackout that evening, but the incident is not the only one in recent weeks that has shaken the grid.

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Knowledge / Entsoe-e / European grid / Knowledge / Power Grid

A nearly complete list of European TSOs

A nearly complete list of European TSOs

Same as our list of Power & energy exchanges worldwide this is a list in progress. We give our best to keep it correct, up to date and to gather the still missing information.

If you have additional information to complete or enhance this list or if you find errors in this list, please write us an E-Mail at info@next-kraftwerke.com. Please do also write us if you are looking for an energy trader or energy solutions in the listed countries – we may already be active in the region or country that you are looking for.

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